Generolo Jono Žemaičio Lietuvos karo akademija

Amid renewed interest in total defense frameworks within European strategic communities, this article explores the intersection of civilianled resistance to external armed aggression and the broader concept of national resilience in contemporary warfare. Through a comparison of two case studies–the grassroots resistance of Ukrainian civilians to Russian aggression since February 24, 2022, and the mobilization of Israeli civilians in response to the Hamas attack of October 7, 2023–this article assesses the strategic and operational relevance of civilian resistance within total and comprehensive defense models.

A multidimensional analysis of one of main macroeconomic indicators, specifically, unemployment, in the United States was conducted and presented in the article. The research covered several groups of dependent variables, such as: the number of unemployed people in total in the United States monthly, along with unemployment rates, CPI indices, and unemployment in respective US states. The evaluation of the conducted research is that from January 2020 to October 2023 there had been a visible decrease in unemployment rates, and their level is similar to the values recorded from January 2018 to January 2020, which clearly proves that the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has been averted. The analysis method was used in the study, i.e. distribution of variables into prime factors and comparison dynamically in order to detect the regularities occurring in them.

The topic of energy use and energy consumption is currently largely dealt not only in the architecture and civil engineering but also in the military environment. The operating costs of military camps and facilities can be rising extremely quickly especially in hot climate conditions where the requirements for appropriately air-conditioned working places and other mission related areas are crucial for the uninterrupted command and control of any operation. The energy use and energy consumption must be considered already during the planning phase of the military facility and it must take into account as many limiting factors as possible. This is not a completely new problem and many different approaches to the solution are already here and ready to use, and one of them is a method or a system called energy audit that is an efficient tool for improving the energy use and consumption.

Each country has to be able to develop efficient economic policy, facilitating sustainable economic development of national economy. In order to devise such policy, development patterns of a country has to be known, external threats indicated and various scenarios of their impact has to be foreseen, their impact forecasted and discussed. Alas, in contemporary environment in conditions of globalization predicting of development peculiarities and external factors’ impact becomes especially urgent issue. Presented paper is devoted to discussion about predicted development selected national economies with account of threats caused by global environment. Economic indicators of Lithuania and Germany forested for period of three years, estimated, are being analyzed. The following methodology is applied. At first main macroeconomic indicators, such as real GDP growth, inflation, interest rates and unemployment ceteris paribus forecasted until year 2022 will be compared. The second, external threats will be selected and considered. Forecasted impact of indicated threats on real GDP growth of Lithuania and Germany will be discussed; source of employed data: database Passport, provided by Euromonitor International Company and powered by Clarivate Analytics (data are provided for research purposes for subscribed users). Change of real GDP growth in Lithuania and Germany under indicated threats pressure after one year period and three years period is juxtaposed. The findings suggest insights about development patterns of small comparatively less developed open economy and big well developed country belonging to the same economic union. Findings are instrumental for devising national economic policies enhancing resilience of national economies to external (global) threats.