Generolo Jono Žemaičio Lietuvos karo akademija

This paper addresses the problem of experimental reproducibility in the study of blast effects during explosive tactical breaching. In real conditions, breaching charges exhibit significant variability, which complicates the comparison of measured pressure responses and limits systematic research. The study investigates whether real breaching charges can be replaced by standardized spherical charges with an equivalent TNT effect. Experimental measurements were carried out in a training facility using pressure sensors, and the results were evaluated in terms of peak overpressure, impulse, and pressure-time history. The findings indicate that standardized charges provide comparable blast characteristics, with differences within acceptable limits. The proposed approach enables more reproducible experiments and creates a basis for further research on structural resilience and human exposure to repeated blast loading.

Airfield infrastructure represents a critical element of national defence and a key enabler of NATO Host Nation Support (HNS). Modern conflicts demonstrate that airfields are priority targets, and even limited damage to runways can significantly disrupt air operations. NATO standards, particularly STANAG 2929 and AATMP‑03, therefore define Airfield Damage Repair (ADR) as a mandatory capability enabling rapid restoration of airfield functionality. This paper analyses ADR as an essential component of HNS and assesses the current state of ADR capability in the Czech Republic. Based on NATO doctrinal requirements and national research outcomes, the study highlights existing capability gaps and outlines key measures necessary to ensure compliance with alliance obligations and to enhance national and collective resilience.

The article deals with measurements of air blast pressure waves using pencil probes. The pressure waves from explosive detonations were recorded using pencil probes in different setups, arrangements, and at multiple standoff distances. Another step is to get data from measurements to be used in other applications. Several blast parameters are presented as a baseline for further analysis (peak overpressure, rise time, positive-phase duration, impulse). The approach should support later comparison and uncertainty assessment with analytical data.

The article deals with the issue of the energy efficiency in military camps. The military camps are mostly built during military deployments in case of exercises or missions. As different kinds of temporary structures are typically used to shelter large part of the camps’ facilities, the area of improvement for better energy efficiency lies mainly in the utilization of energy efficient devices, machines and pieces of equipment that are used by deployed personnel. The resulting lower energy consumption does not only bring lower financial and logistical burden to the military units but also contribute to the lower environmental impact of military activities. And ultimately, lowering energy use, especially fossil fuel, may result in cleaner environment and significantly affect health of deployed personnel. Overall, there are many benefits brought by energy efficient devices and equipment in several overlapped areas in military camps and their surroundings.

The topic of energy use and energy consumption is currently largely dealt not only in the architecture and civil engineering but also in the military environment. The operating costs of military camps and facilities can be rising extremely quickly especially in hot climate conditions where the requirements for appropriately air-conditioned working places and other mission related areas are crucial for the uninterrupted command and control of any operation. The energy use and energy consumption must be considered already during the planning phase of the military facility and it must take into account as many limiting factors as possible. This is not a completely new problem and many different approaches to the solution are already here and ready to use, and one of them is a method or a system called energy audit that is an efficient tool for improving the energy use and consumption.