Generolo Jono Žemaičio Lietuvos karo akademija

Obstacles alone may not be sufficient to stop or destroy a target completely, but they can degrade its mobility. This helps to make firepower more effective. This study examines when using both counter-mobility measures (CM) and firepower effects (JF) together yields greater effectiveness than using them separately. Monte Carlo simulations in MATLAB 2025a were used to compare CM, JF, and CM+JF. The comparison is based on the probability of detection (PD) and the weapon system availability rate (WSAR). Synergy is measured in two ways: (i) Ddiff, which shows how many more targets are destroyed with CM+JF compared to using CM and JF separately, and (ii) the index S, which shows the total effect of CM+JF compared to the sum of the CM and JF effects. The results showed positive synergy in most cases, with 44 of the 50 combinations having a positive lower bound for the 95% confidence intervals of Ddiff.

This study evaluates the spatial uniformity of minefields established by different minelaying methods using discrepancy-based metrics. Scatterable, row-based, and quasi-random layouts were compared in a common 200 × 200 m area for mine counts of 60, 120, and 180. Spatial quality was assessed using star discrepancy and 𝐿2-star discrepancy. The results showed that scatterable minefields achieved the highest discrepancy values, while row-based layouts performed substantially better. The most favorable results were obtained for quasi-random layouts generated by the Halton and Hammersley sequences, with the Hammersley sequence producing the lowest discrepancy overall. The findings support the use of discrepancy as an objective tool for evaluating UAV-assisted minelaying.

This paper addresses the problem of experimental reproducibility in the study of blast effects during explosive tactical breaching. In real conditions, breaching charges exhibit significant variability, which complicates the comparison of measured pressure responses and limits systematic research. The study investigates whether real breaching charges can be replaced by standardized spherical charges with an equivalent TNT effect. Experimental measurements were carried out in a training facility using pressure sensors, and the results were evaluated in terms of peak overpressure, impulse, and pressure-time history. The findings indicate that standardized charges provide comparable blast characteristics, with differences within acceptable limits. The proposed approach enables more reproducible experiments and creates a basis for further research on structural resilience and human exposure to repeated blast loading.

This paper evaluates the influence of extended stand-off distance on the performance of 3D-printed copper-filled shaped charge liners. The study follows a previous experiment in which complete perforation was achieved at stand-off distances of 0, 15, 30 and 60 mm. Two additional distances, 100 and 150 mm, were tested using the same charge configuration. The results were assessed qualitatively based on penetration morphology. Complete perforation was achieved in all cases, but the 150 mm configuration showed reduced channel regularity and probable loss of jet coherence. The most favorable morphology was observed at 60 mm.