Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues

The article analyzes the role of firefighting units in armed conflict and their importance for the protection of civilians. Using examples from Ukraine and Israel, it describes the expansion of tasks from classic firefighting and rescue to civil defense activities: evacuations, interventions in simultaneous fires, technical assistance and debris removal, emergency water supply, handling unexploded ordnance and CBRN incidents, and providing psychosocial support. He discusses key challenges (safety, logistics, staff workload) and emphasizes the need for coordination with the Integrated Rescue System and the army. He proposes recommendations for increasing preparedness and resilience.

This article examines Ukraine’s legal framework for ensuring state security. The study aims to assess the current stage of its development and to propose legal improvements that align with international security standards. The findings indicate that Ukraine’s legislation lacks a unified conceptual approach to defining state security, resulting in legal uncertainty and inefficiencies in protective measures. Three key dimensions of state security are identified: substantive (a set of military actions to counter threats), institutional (the distribution of powers among authorities), and organizational-legal (a system of regulatory provisions). The concept of state security is proposed to be understood as preventive and deterrent measures undertaken by the state to safeguard territorial integrity. The study concludes that a legal framework distinguishing state security from national and military security should be developed. It further advocates legislative reforms to strengthen Ukraine’s resilience against modern threats and to ensure the effective protection of national interests.

Crime has been a common phenomenon for a long time, but its scope and operation are changing, and this is largely dependent on technological progress. We dealt with the development of crime and its negative effects in Poland during the political transformation process that took place after 1989. At that time, law enforcement agencies were not fully able to cope with this practice, and society painfully felt its effects. Many times, innocent people have faced several types of criminal acts. The main reasons that could have influenced the development of crime were social disorganization, lowering of the standard of living, unemployment, as well as visible and constantly deepening social differentiation. The most important task of law enforcement agencies protecting state borders is to provide citizens with basic forms of security so that they feel peaceful in their area of residence. The services should cooperate with each other at every level of securing state borders and protect citizens against any threats. The aim of the article is to analyze the impact of crimes on state security and the role of the Border Guard in securing the state border. The Border Guard plays a key role in this respect, therefore it should have the widest possible range of instruments enabling it to fulfill its duties in this area. This service proves every day that it has an enormous impact on the sense of security of citizens, and counteracting various threats, including crime, is a key element of the security of our country.

Polemology and irenology that have been evolving since the Second World War are relatively unknown. There is much misunderstanding about polemology and irenology and what can be done with research results. The methodological competition between polemology and irenology indicates their differences due to the opposite research subject (war-peace), the system of concepts, and the usefulness of research results. The aim of the article is to present the basic assumptions of irenological and polemological research and to propose a common area of research on peace and armed conflicts. The article presents a thesis about the need to integrate polemological and irenological research. Due to the research problem and the subject of research, a qualitative strategy and appropriate research methods were used in the research process. The obtained research result indicates that it is not justified to conduct research on peace and armed conflicts separately, but as a whole as a study of peace and armed conflicts. The conclusions from the research indicate that the genesis, diagnosis and prognosis of peace and conflict-related processes is justified in the range of long cycles from minus 50 to plus 50 years in relation to the started research process.

Public administration in the conditions of the Slovak Republic contributes to a great extent to ensuring the internal and external security of the state. In the following article, the author deals with the relationship between public administration and public service as terms closely related. Author takes the view, that the basic characteristic of the concept of public service is based on its formal criterion, from work to the benefit of a legal person governed by public law (state, municipality, public corporation). He submits that a civil servant may be considered to be any employee employed by a legal person governed by public law as a civil servant only as an employee employed by the State. The concept of public service has the character of a complex legal institution intervening in several sectors of our rule of law (constitutional law, administrative law, labour law).