Challenges to national defence in contemporary geopolitical situation

This paper presents deterministic and stochastic matrix models for radiophysical processes in UAV microcontroller systems. The methodology generalizes matrix signal dynamics using Markov switchings and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck diffusion approximation. Based on oscilloscope measurements of the power supply voltage, model parameters were identified, revealing increased fluctuation intensity under higher propulsion loads. The results enable quantitative stability assessment of control algorithms. The key contribution is the combination of the matrix modeling approach with experimental identification of stochastic parameters under realistic electromagnetic interference conditions.

This paper verifies mechanized battalion defensive capabilities using constructive simulation. The methodology employs the MASA SWORD environment with Monte Carlo replications, randomized A/B testing of Courses of Action, and standardized metrics (MoE, MoP, MoFP, MoS). The results show that ISR quality and C2 latency are decisive for defensive effectiveness, while obstacle system design and logistical throughput significantly influence enemy tempo and operational endurance. The findings support capability assessment, operational planning, and training design. The paper’s value lies in a reproducible, metrics-based framework for battalion-level capability verification.

The construction of water crossings constitutes one of the fundamental tasks of military engineering units. Under combat conditions, such operations are frequently required to be executed within timelines measured in hours. This tempo is enabled by ribbon pontoon bridge systems. Four main structural design concepts can be distinguished among these systems. This paper presents the results of an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis applied to the problem of selecting among this four design concepts, taking into account two distinct profiles of water obstacles.

The study aims to increase amplitude direction-finding sensitivity for radio monitoring. The methodology utilizes a TSA antenna and a phase-antiphase divider to form dual radiation patterns. Results confirm high accuracy and signal processing speed. The originality lies in combining a compact design with an innovative processing algorithm. Practical value is demonstrated by a small-scale UAV-integrated finder capable of intercepting ultra-weak signals for reconnaissance and EW. The paper establishes a universal approach to high-efficiency mobile defense systems with low power consumption.

The most notable machines that currently have the impact of eliminating humans from direct contact with the enemy are various types of remotely controlled or autonomous drones. They wreak havoc and fear in the enemy camp, significantly affecting the outcome of current conflicts. The fact of increasing the advantage in the attack causes the need for adequate defense or rescue measures. Thus, the use of remote-controlled drones for rescue/medical purposes seems a natural or even necessary path for the development of military technology. The described drone is intended to be unmanned, designed to transport only one injured person to be evacuated from an area of intense combat with the usage of an onboard robot. It is intended that the drone will be electrically powered which will reduce the possibility of detection due to acoustic and heat signature.