Generolo Jono Žemaičio Lietuvos karo akademija

The growing presence of asymmetric threats require effective C-UAS systems. This study addresses the challenge of integrating sensors (RF and EO/IR) onto multirotor platforms while maintaining flight endurance. Of the four scenarios developed, it analyzes Use-case B in detail, mathematically comparing six variants of hardware modifications to a heavy drone during reconnaissance of a 300×300 m area against both active and radio-silent targets. The results reveal the paradox of SWaP limits: fully equipped "All-in-One" platforms excel against active targets thanks to rapid guidance but face critical battery depletion during area-wide reconnaissance of autonomous threats. For future research, therefore, cooperation among multiple platforms, reduced energy consumption, and the integration of effectors are proposed.

This paper evaluates how the distance between air defence sensors and the command and control (C2) element influences fire-control effectiveness. Three deployment variants at 1, 7 and 20 km were assessed by means of operational analysis and the TOPSIS multi-criteria method using latency, connection reliability, situational awareness (SA), probability of kill (𝑃𝑘𝑖𝑙𝑙), survivability and logistical complexity. The baseline model favours the short-distance configuration, but sensitivity analysis shows that greater emphasis on survivability shifts the optimum towards the medium-distance variant. A separation of approximately 5-10 km provides the most robust operational compromise for contemporary air defence employment.

This study evaluates the role of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in demining operations and environmental monitoring under wartime and post-conflict conditions. A structured literature review (2015–present) assessed UAV-enabled detection, mapping, and environmental sensing capabilities. The results indicate that UAVs significantly enhance reconnaissance efficiency, reduce suspected hazardous areas, and improve safety, yet cannot independently meet humanitarian clearance standards. While wartime use prioritises rapid risk mitigation, post-conflict deployment supports systematic clearance, environmental monitoring, and land restoration. The study highlights a gap in doctrinal integration and underscores the need for standardised UAV-based demining and environmental workflows.