Generolo Jono Žemaičio Lietuvos karo akademija

The paper presents the results of a sectoral analysis of the Czech Republic’s security environment and interprets them from the perspective of strategic studies. Its objective is to identify key structural trends shaping the operational and strategic environment and to derive their implications for defence planning, capability development, and the long-term transformation of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic. The analysis shows that the security environment in last years is characterized by persistent geopolitical instability and accelerating technological change. The rapid diffusion of unmanned systems and artificial intelligence applications is transforming the conduct of warfare and increasing demands for capability modernization, interoperability, and force readiness. At the same time, demographic and societal pressures are deepening, affecting the personnel sustainability of the armed forces and the overall strategic resilience of the state. Economic and environmental factors intensify competition for resources and raise demands for the prioritization of defence investments. The findings confirm the growing interdependence of sectors and the necessity of integrated assessment of the security environment as a foundation for force and capability development.

The aim of this article is to analyse the approaches to population sheltering in Switzerland, Finland, and Sweden. The research methodology is based on a previously published article by the authors [1], in which the relative criteria of approaches to population sheltering in selected countries were identified and evaluated using Saaty method and the weighted sum method. This procedure is now also applied to the newly assessed countries. The analysis of sheltering in Switzerland, Finland, and Sweden highlighted common features resulting from the inclusion of sheltering within the system of total national defence, as well as differences in the systemic integration of sheltering among the countries under review. The findings suggest that an effective sheltering system is contingent upon sustained political support, a clear legislative framework, and the integration of protective infrastructure into the broader framework of national security.