Generolo Jono Žemaičio Lietuvos karo akademija

This paper evaluates how the distance between air defence sensors and the command and control (C2) element influences fire-control effectiveness. Three deployment variants at 1, 7 and 20 km were assessed by means of operational analysis and the TOPSIS multi-criteria method using latency, connection reliability, situational awareness (SA), probability of kill (𝑃𝑘𝑖𝑙𝑙), survivability and logistical complexity. The baseline model favours the short-distance configuration, but sensitivity analysis shows that greater emphasis on survivability shifts the optimum towards the medium-distance variant. A separation of approximately 5-10 km provides the most robust operational compromise for contemporary air defence employment.

The study evaluates the effectiveness of water charges for engineer support and EOD operations. These charges combine a small explosive with water to achieve controlled disruption of objects while minimizing collateral damage. The experiments focused on opening wooden crates using detonating cord and 550 ml of water. At least three segments of NP V detonating cord were required to successfully release the closures. The method enables safe inspection of the contents without their complete destruction. Although the results are promising, the procedures are not yet incorporated into the regulations of the Czech Armed Forces and require further research on different configurations.