The paper presents a conceptual framework and a complex understanding of the quality of life. On the basis of the system of indicators of the quality of life as offered by the author, a long term changes in the quality of life of the Lithuanian population during the period of functioning of the market over 1990-2012 is analysed. There is presented analysis of the changes of Lithuanian population’s on the areas of material well-being, health and demographics according to the trends of shift of cultural, moral-ethical and spiritual values1. The article presents how the quality of life of Lithuanian population has changed after the implementation of the market economy, membership in the European Union and through the time of the crisis. The main positive and negative factors influencing the population’s quality of life are identified as well as achievements, major issues and the possible ways of their solutions and future prospects.