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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jssi</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2029-7017</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2029-7017</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>LKA</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">JSSI811</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.9770/jssi.2018.8.1(1)</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Profile of a Lone Wolf Terrorist: a Crisis Management Perspective</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Zeman</surname>
            <given-names>Tomáš</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:tomas.zeman2@unob.cz">tomas.zeman2@unob.cz</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_jssi_aff_000"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_jssi_aff_000">University of Defence in Brno, Faculty of Military Leadership, Department of Emergency Management, Brno, Czech Republic</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Břeň</surname>
            <given-names>Jan</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:jan.bren@unob.cz">jan.bren@unob.cz</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_jssi_aff_001"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_jssi_aff_001">University of Defence in Brno, Faculty of Military Leadership, Department of Emergency Management, Brno, Czech Republic</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Urban</surname>
            <given-names>Rudolf</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:ubn17@centrum.cz">ubn17@centrum.cz</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_jssi_aff_002"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_jssi_aff_002">The Police Academy of the Czech Republic in Prague, Faculty of Security Management, Department of Management and Informatics</aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>8</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>5</fpage>
      <lpage>18</lpage>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <permissions>
        <ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>This paper focuses on terrorist attacks carried out by so-called ‘lone wolves’ or ‘lone actors’. It provides an analytical evaluation of the basic characteristics of these attackers and discusses possible access to their identification in society. To create the profile of a ‘typical’ lone wolf, we collected information from a database of lone wolves who committed their terrorist attacks in the United States, Canada, the European Union, Switzerland, Norway and Australia from 1998 to 2016. Based on these data, it was demonstrated that lone wolves are not homogenous group, therefore, there is no one ‘typical’ lone wolf. Instead, three main groups of lone wolves were identified: 1) lone wolves with a criminal past, 2) lone wolves with a mental illness and 3) young lone wolves coming from minority groups in the country. These characteristics could be used as an auxiliary tool by state security forces during identification of potential lone wolf terrorists.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <label>Keywords</label>
        <kwd>terrorism</kwd>
        <kwd>lone wolf</kwd>
        <kwd>crisis management</kwd>
        <kwd>profile</kwd>
        <kwd>identification</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="JEL">
        <label>JEL</label>
        <kwd>F01</kwd>
        <kwd>F02</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
