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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cndcgs</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Challenges to national defence in contemporary geopolitical situation</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2538-8959</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2669-2023</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>LKA</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">157_KRISTAL</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47459/cndcgs.2026.157</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Evaluation of the Influence of Sensor Distance from Element C2 on the Effectiveness of Fire Control Using Operational Analysis Methods</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Michal</surname>
            <given-names>KŘIŠŤÁL</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:michal.kristal@unob.cz">michal.kristal@unob.cz</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_000"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">∗</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_000">Department of Air Defence, Faculty of Military Technology, University of Defence, Czech Republic</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>HANUŠ</surname>
            <given-names>Vilém</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_001"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_001">Department of Air Defence, Faculty of Military Technology, University of Defence, Czech Republic</aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="cor1"><label>∗</label>Corresponding author.</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <volume>2026</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>1334</fpage>
      <lpage>1344</lpage>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>31</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access">
          <license-p>Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>This paper evaluates how the distance between air defence sensors and the command and control (C2) element influences fire-control effectiveness. Three deployment variants at 1, 7 and 20 km were assessed by means of operational analysis and the TOPSIS multi-criteria method using latency, connection reliability, situational awareness (SA), probability of kill (𝑃𝑘𝑖𝑙𝑙), survivability and logistical complexity. The baseline model favours the short-distance configuration, but sensitivity analysis shows that greater emphasis on survivability shifts the optimum towards the medium-distance variant. A separation of approximately 5-10 km provides the most robust operational compromise for contemporary air defence employment.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <label>Keywords</label>
        <kwd>air defence</kwd>
        <kwd>command and control</kwd>
        <kwd>sensors</kwd>
        <kwd>fire control</kwd>
        <kwd>TOPSIS</kwd>
        <kwd>operational analysis</kwd>
        <kwd>survivability</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
